

Tungsten Sputtering Target
What is tungsten sputtering target?
          Tungsten sputtering target, people also call  it as tungsten target, its quality will directly influence the properties of  film materials, so the target materials should meet the following requirements; 
          1. High purity. If the purity of tungsten sputtering targets is higher,  sputtering effect - corrosion resistance of the film will be stronger, and its  electrical and optical properties will be better. Usually, displays and other  semiconductor devices for purity requirements are stricter, for example, purity  of tungsten sputtering target for magnetic thin film should be higher than  99.9%; 
          2. High density: not less than 19.1g / cm³; 
          3. Grain size should be small. Usually, the order of grains is from μm to mm,  for the same composition of target materials, the rate of fine grain size of sputtering  targets faster than the coarse grains; 
          4. Impurity content should be low. Target materials act as a cathode and the  main pollution sources of sputtering target is from the pores, such as, water,  oxygen, and solids impurities. The lower the impurity content, the higher the purity;
          5. The composition and organization structure  should be uniform.
 
 
 
Types  of target
Classification  by component, the target can be divided into pure metal target, alloy target  and ceramic target.
Target  types in detail can be seen as below
| Species | Composition | 
| Pure metal | W (tungsten), Mo (molybdenum), Ni (Nickel), Ti (titanium), Al (aluminum), Ag (silver), Si (silicon), In (indium), Sn (tin) and so on | 
| Alloy | W-Cu (copper tungsten alloy), Ag-W (silver-tungsten alloy), Cu- Ni (copper-nickel alloy), Mo- Al (Mo aluminum) and so on | 
| Ceramic | ITO target [InO (indium oxide), SnO (tin oxide)], NiO (nickel oxide), WO3 (tungsten trioxide), TiN (titanium nitride), SiO (silicon monoxide), FeO (iron oxide), SiC (silicon carbide), ZnO (zinc oxide), TiN (titanium nitride), MgO (magnesium oxide), SiN (silicon nitride), CrO (chromium oxide), ZnS (zinc sulfide), SiO2 (silicon dioxide) , AlN (aluminum nitride), etc. | 
Production process:
          Raw materials → IF(Intermediate Frequency)  induction sintering → hot  rolling → cold rolling → annealing → cutting → machining→ tungsten  target
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